Property protects the individual sphere against the government and its ever-present tendency toward omnipotence
by Wilhelm Röpke
Most of us, and all of us most of the time, deal with
the market economy as a definite type of economic order, a sort of
"economic technique" as opposed to the socialist
"technique." For this view, it is significant that we call its constructional
principle the "price mechanism." Here we move in the world of prices,
of markets, of supply and demand, of competition, of wage rates, of interest
rates, of exchange rates, and whatnot.
That is, of course, right and proper — as far as it
goes. But there is a great danger of overlooking an important fact: the market
economy as an economic order must be correlated to a certain structure of
society, and to a definite mental climate which is appropriate to it.
The success of the market economy wherever it has been
restored in our time — most conspicuously in western Germany — has resulted,
even in some socialist circles, in a tendency to appropriate the market economy
as a technical device capable of being built into a society which, in all other
respects, is socialist.
The market economy then appears as part of a
comprehensive social and political system which, in its conception, is a highly
centralized colossal machinery. In that sense, there has always been a sector
of market economy also in the Soviet system, but we all realize that this
sector is a mere gadget, a technical device, not a living thing. Why? Because
the market economy as a field of liberty, spontaneity, and free coordination
cannot thrive in a social system which is the very opposite.