Sarajevo Is The Fulcrum Of Modern History
By David Stockman
One hundred years ago today the world was shook loose of its
moorings. Every school boy knows that the assassination of the
archduke of Austria at Sarajevo was the trigger that incited the bloody,
destructive conflagration of the world’s nations known as the Great
War. But this senseless eruption of unprecedented industrial
state violence did not end with the armistice four years later.
In fact, 1914 is the fulcrum of modern history. It is
the year the Fed opened-up for business just as the carnage in northern
France closed-down the prior magnificent half-century era of liberal
internationalism and honest gold-backed money. So it was the Great War’s
terrible aftermath—–a century of drift toward statism, militarism and fiat
money—-that was actually triggered by the events at Sarajevo.
Unfortunately, modern historiography wants to keep the
Great War sequestered in a four-year span of archival curiosities about
battles, mustard gas and monuments to the fallen. But the opposite
historiography is more nearly the truth. The assassins at Sarajevo
triggered the very warp and woof of the hundred years which followed.
The Great War was self-evidently an epochal calamity,
especially for the 20 million combatants and civilians who perished for no
reason that is discernible in any fair reading of history, or even unfair one.
Yet the far greater calamity is that Europe’s senseless fratricide of 1914-1918
gave birth to all the great evils of the 20th century— the Great Depression,
totalitarian genocides, Keynesian economics, permanent warfare
states, rampaging central banks and the exceptionalist-rooted follies of
America’s global imperialism.
Indeed, in Old Testament fashion, one begat the next
and the next and still the next. This chain of calamity originated in the Great
War’s destruction of sound money, that is, in the post-war demise of the pound
sterling which previously had not experienced a peacetime change in its gold
content for nearly two hundred years.
Not unreasonably, the world’s financial system had
become anchored on the London money markets where the other currencies traded
at fixed exchange rates to the rock steady pound sterling—which, in turn, meant
that prices and wages throughout Europe were expressed in common money and
tended toward transparency and equilibrium.
This liberal international economic order—that is,
honest money, relatively free trade, rising international capital flows and
rapidly growing global economic integration—-resulted in a 40-year span
between 1870 and 1914 of rising living standards, stable prices, massive
capital investment and prolific technological progress that was never
equaled—either before or since.
During intervals of war, of course, 19th century
governments had usually suspended gold convertibility and open trade in the
heat of combat. But when the cannons fell silent, they had also endured
the trauma of post-war depression until wartime debts had been liquidated and
inflationary currency expedients had been wrung out of the circulation. This
was called “resumption” and restoring convertibility at the peacetime parities
was the great challenge of post-war normalizations.
The Great War, however, involved a scale of total
industrial mobilization and financial mayhem that was unlike any that had gone
before. In the case of Great Britain, for example, its national debt
increased 14-fold, its price level doubled, its capital stock was depleted,
most off-shore investments were liquidated and universal wartime conscription
left it with a massive overhang of human and financial liabilities.
Yet England was the least devastated. In France, the
price level inflated by 300 percent, its extensive Russian investments were
confiscated by the Bolsheviks and its debts in New York and London catapulted
to more than 100 percent of GDP.
Among the defeated powers, currencies emerged nearly
worthless with the German mark at five cents on the pre-war dollar, while
wartime debts—especially after the Carthaginian peace of Versailles—–soared to
crushing, unrepayable heights.
In short, the bow-wave of debt, currency inflation and
financial disorder from the Great War was so immense and unprecedented that the
classical project of post-war liquidation and “resumption” of convertibility
was destined to fail. In fact, the 1920s were a grinding, sometimes
inspired but eventually failed struggle to resume the international gold
standard, fixed parities, open world trade and unrestricted international
capital flows.
Only in the final demise of these efforts after 1929
did the Great Depression, which had been lurking all along in the post-war
shadows, come bounding onto the stage of history.
Read more at : http://davidstockmanscontracorner.com/sarajevo-is-the-fulcrum-of-modern-history-the-great-war-and-its-terrible-aftermath/