Benefits is
a timely reminder that left-wingers weren't always such big fans of welfarism
Among a
broad spectrum of British left-wingers, the welfare state is treated as the
most sacred institution in British society. Unemployment benefit, child
benefit, incapacity benefits, housing benefit… all are held up as paragons of a
left-inspired virtue. Nothing agitates left-leaning commentators more than
Lib-Con proposals to slash welfare payments. Apparently the poor, the plebs and
‘the vulnerable’ could not cope without the army of welfare professionals
providing them with support and sustenance.
Yet this
hagiographical account of the welfare state is a fairly new turn on the left.
Left-wingers weren’t always so taken with welfarism. It seems that the more the
left’s faith in ordinary people’s capacity to sort their lives out has
declined, the more it has endowed the state with extraordinary qualities,
virtues and powers.
Back in the
1970s and 80s, some radical sociologists deplored the expansion of welfarism,
viewing it as an extension of bureaucratic control over the citizenry.
Sociology texts asked, ‘Who benefits from benefits?’, and the answer was often:
the establishment and those at the top of the class system. Following Marx’s
point that very early systems of welfare were a ‘disguised form of alms’,
radical sociologists argued that welfare simply ‘bought off’ the lower orders
and encouraged them to identify with and respect state structures.
In the
1980s, many a crusty anarchist would point out the inconsistency among some
left-wingers of being anti-state while simultaneously claiming welfare benefits.
In promoting the idea that the state was ‘neutral’, and that it might possibly
be coaxed to improve poor people’s lives further, welfarism actively
discouraged political independence of the state and its offshoots.
It was this
radical tension - of being politically opposed to the state while advocating
economic dependence on it - that was explored in Zoe Fairbairns’ dystopian
feminist novel, Benefits.
Written in the febrile political atmosphere of late-1970s Britain, Benefits is about a future state’s sinister
attempts to control women’s fertility, and to encourage responsible parenting,
through the introduction of a universal ‘wages for housework’ benefit.
Although
rarely out of print since it first appeared in 1979, Benefits has recently been re-issued, with a
new introduction by Fairbairns, for the e-reader age. It is now being marketed
as a political attack on ‘anti-welfarist Tories’, yet as Fairbairns points out,
anyone who views Benefits as
simplistically ‘anti-Thatcherite’ is missing its key point: that welfare
benefits can become a weapon of social engineering and control. On top of
critiquing aspects of welfarism, Benefits lays into radical feminism’s
self-defeating slogan, ‘The personal is political’, while passionately
championing women’s liberation and equal rights - feminism’s one-time aims.